Instead, Italian aerial torpedoes made by Fiume were purchased, with 1, eventually delivered. A Japanese Nakajima B5N1 torpedo bomber takes off from the aircraft carrier Akagi with a battered dummy torpedo.
In August , Japanese aviators were practicing dropping torpedoes in the shallow waters of Kagoshima Bay , testing improvements in the Type 91 torpedo and developing tactics for the attack of ships in harbor. On December 7, , the leading wave—40 B5N torpedo bombers—used the tactic to score more than 15 hits during the attack on Pearl Harbor.
In April , Adolf Hitler made the production of aerial torpedoes a German priority, and the Luftwaffe took the task over from the Kriegsmarine. From to late , about 4, aerial torpedoes were used, but some 10, were manufactured during the whole war. The wooden shrouds slowed it and helped it retain its targeting direction through the duration of the air drop.
In , development began in the United States on the FIDO , an electric-powered air-dropped acoustic homing torpedo intended for anti-submarine use. For carrier aircraft, the explosive charge remained pounds kg of TNT until later in the war when it was increased to After World War II, anti-aircraft defenses were sufficiently improved to render aerial torpedo attacks suicidal.
The only significant employment of aerial torpedoes was in anti-submarine warfare. Since the advent of practical anti-ship missiles technology, aerial torpedoes have largely been reduced to use in anti-submarine warfare. Missiles are generally much faster, with longer range and do not have the same launch altitude limitation of aerial torpedoes.
Some modern aerial anti-submarine torpedoes do have the necessary guidance capability to engage surface vessels, though given the widespread availability of missiles on aircraft and the small, specialized warhead on anti-submarine aerial torpedoes, this is not an option normally considered. The aim was the possible production of Pucaras as torpedo-carrying aircraft to enhance the anti-ship capabilities of the Argentine air forces.
Several trials were performed off Puerto Madryn , but the war was over before the technicians could evaluate the feasibility of the project. As a result of the loss of the role of anti-shipping aerial torpedo in modern naval doctrine , true torpedo bomber units no longer exist in modern armed forces. The most common platform for aerial torpedoes today is the ship-borne anti-submarine helicopter, followed by fixed-wing anti-submarine aircraft such as the American P-3 Orion.
A French Lynx helicopter carrying a MK46 torpedo. Some designs are a straightforward mating of a rocket-propulsion system to the torpedo with a purely ballistic attack profile, such as the American ASROC. More complex, aerial drone-based system with autopilot have also been deployed, such as the Australian Ikara.
Most such systems are designed to be deployed from surface ships, though exceptions exist such as the Soviet navy RPK-2 Viyuga which can be launched from both surface ships and submarines. Given the relatively soft nature of submarines, modern anti-submarine aerial torpedoes are much smaller than anti-ship aerial torpedoes of the past, and often classified as light weight torpedoes.
They are also often of cross-platform design, able to be deployed from both aircraft and surface ships. Examples include the American Mark 46 , Mark 50 and Mark 54 torpedoes. There are few if any aerial torpedo designs that are also used by submarines, owing to the significantly reduced size and thus capability of aerial torpedoes compared with their full-sized submarine counterparts such as the American Mark 48 torpedo. Military Wiki Explore. Popular pages. Grant Richard Winters Harry Welsh.
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