The ability to cross compile, for me, is most used to build troubleshooting tools that are not installed or available on Linux-based devices. For example a device like a Raspberry Pi, NAS, router or an access point that has a custom Linux build without or limited option to install additional packages. For the steps below, I will be using Debian 10 Buster and I will also test the same steps on Ubuntu All steps are verified to be interchangeable between both.
This makes sure that, if anyone wants to repeat these steps, all is reproducible and nothing is skipped or missed that would be preinstalled already. Build and host are more or less clear but target can be confusing. Simply put, target is only relevant when working on development tools like the compiler itself. When you are building for the same architecture as which you are using, build, host and target are the same.
This is used to build a cross compiler for another architecture. To find out for which of these 32 bit or 64 bit ARM you need to compile, the easiest is to look at the output of uname -m.
Before we can start compiling, we need to install the necessary packages and tools for cross compiling for ARM. These include the standard tools needed for compiling native:. Of course you can install both the necessary compilers for 32 and bit if you plan to compile for both these architectures.
Once we have installed the prerequisites, we can try and compile a simple C program. The next step is to compile the same source for ARM. We simply do this by using a different compiler arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc instead of gcc for 32 bit ARM or gcc-aarchlinux-gnu for 64 bit ARM or aarch As you can see, file gives us a different result, which we would expect. To test if this has worked, we need a machine or device running the architecture for which we built:.
To replace gcc with another, target platform specific compiler would be a lot of work. Fortunately most of the times you can just specify the platform which you are compiling for when running configure.
The next step is to run configure. But here we need to specify the build and host platform so that we want to end up with a binary statically linked for ARM:.
As you see, I built this one for use on aarch If you want to do the same for armv6 or armv7, simply replace —host aarchlinux-gnu with —host arm-linux-gnueabi when running configure. GNU Make GNU Make is a tool which controls the generation of executables and other non-source files of a program from the program's source files.
Capabilities of Make Make enables the end user to build and install your package without knowing the details of how that is done -- because these details are recorded in the makefile that you supply. Make figures out automatically which files it needs to update, based on which source files have changed. It also automatically determines the proper order for updating files, in case one non-source file depends on another non-source file.
Make is not limited to any particular language. For each non-source file in the program, the makefile specifies the shell commands to compute it.
These shell commands can run a compiler to produce an object file, the linker to produce an executable, ar to update a library, or TeX or Makeinfo to format documentation. Make is not limited to building a package. You can also use Make to control installing or deinstalling a package, generate tags tables for it, or anything else you want to do often enough to make it worth while writing down how to do it. Make Rules and Targets A rule in the makefile tells Make how to execute a series of commands in order to build a target file from source files.
Here is what a simple rule looks like: target: dependencies Mailing lists Make has the following mailing lists: bug-make is used to discuss most aspects of Make, including development and enhancement requests, as well as bug reports.
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